Who Owns the Arctic?
Arctic Sovereignty and International Relations
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Arctic on Video
"What is the Arctic Council?" - Global Affairs Canada
Professor Peter Wadhams, Cambridge University, "Arctic Sea Ice", May 2015
US Geological Survey video on mapping Arctic seabed
J. Ashley Roach, "The Arctic - Legal Considerations," 2011 Powerpoint Presentation
Fault Lines - The Battle for the Arctic (AlJazeera, November 2012)
Sheila Watt-Cloutier on Climate Change and Human Rights
Historic CBC clips on Northwest Passage
Mary Simon (ITK) on CTV Question Period, August 2007
Books on the Arctic
Sherrill E. Grace, Canada and the Idea of North (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001)
Rolf Tamnes & Kristine Offerdal (eds.), Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic (Routledge, 2014)
Michael Byers, Who Owns the Arctic? (Douglas & McIntyre, 2009)
Michael Byers, International Law and the Arctic (Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Donat Pharand, Canada's Arctic Waters in International Law (Cambridge University Press, 1988)
Charles Emmerson, The Future History of the Arctic (Public Affairs, 2010)
Alexander Sergunin & Valery Konyshev, Russia in the Arctic (Ibidem, 2015)
Sheila Watt-Cloutier, The Right to be Cold (Penguin, 2016)
Pierre Berton, The Arctic Grail: The Quest for the North West Passage and the North Pole, 1818-1909 (Anchor Canada, 1988)
Ken S. Coates et al., Arctic Front: Defending Canada in the Far North (Thomas Allen, 2008)
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December 2019
12/07/2019
PowerPoint Presentation for Festival of Cool, Harbourfront Centre, Toronto, 10 December 2019
Download Festival of Cool 10 Dec 2019 Byers
Arctic News Websites
Independent Barents Observer
Eye on the Arctic
Arctic Journal
Arctic Institute
Maps and satellite images
Arctic Sea Ice, September 1979 to September 2014
Beaufort Sea Oil and Gas Dispositions (Canada, 2011)
Beaufort Sea: U.S. and Canadian claims
Canadian Arctic Island and Mainland Baselines (1985)
Indigenous Peoples of the Arctic Countries
Inuit owned lands in Nunavut
Map of Barents Sea Boundary Treaty (2010)
Map of Greenland
Map of Svalbard
Maritime jurisdiction and boundaries in the Arctic region - IBRU, Durham University (updated)
Northern Sea Route
Northwest Passage August 2008 (ESA satellite mosaic)
Political Map of the Arctic (CIA World Factbook)
U.S. Extended Continental Shelf Project
“Dwindling of Arctic’s oldest ice since 1990” – NOAA Climate
Treaties, Legislation and Declarations
1920 Spitsbergen Treaty
1930 Sverdrup Island Treaty (Norway-Canada)
1973 Canada - Denmark (Greenland) boundary treaty
1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
1988 Arctic Cooperation Agreement (Canada-U.S.)
1996 Ottawa Declaration on the Establishment of the Arctic Council
2002/2009 IMO Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-covered Waters (2002)
2007 Joint Statement on Canada-Russia Economic Cooperation
2011 Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement
2013 Agreement on Cooperation on Marine Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response in the Arctic
A Circumpolar Inuit Declaration on Sovereignty in the Arctic (2009)
Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act (1970)
European Union Conclusions on Arctic Issues (2009)
Ilulissat Declaration, May 28, 2008
International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code)
Norway-Russia Barents Sea Boundary Treaty, Sept 2010
Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (1993)
Nuuk Declaration, Arctic Council, May 2011
US-USSR Maritime Boundary Treaty (1990) (with map and President's letter of transmittal)
Reports and Policy Papers
2004 Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
2008 Senate Committee Report (interim) on Coast Guard in Canada's Arctic
Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (2009)
Lieut-Comm Guy Killaby, "Great Game in a Cold Climate", (2008) Vol. 6(4) Canadian Military Journal
Linda Jakobson, "China Prepares for an Ice-Free Arctic," March 2010 (2010/2) SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security
Linda Lakobson & Jingchao Peng, "China's Arctic Ambitions," SIPRI Policy Paper 34, November 2012
Michael Byers, "Cold Peace: International Cooperation Takes Hold in the Arctic," Carnegie Council White Paper, Dec. 2009
Michael Byers, "Time to negotiate the Northwest Passage with the United States," Policy Options, October 2011
Rob Huebert, "Canadian Arctic Maritime Security," (2008) Vol 8(2) Cdn Military Journal
Robert Dufresne, "Controversial Canadian Claims over Arctic Waters and Maritime Zones" (2008) Library of Parliament PRB 07-47E
Status on the Implementation of the AMSA 2009 Report Recommendations (2013)
Terry Fenge & Tony Penikett, "The Arctic Vacuum in Canada's Foreign Policy," (April 2009) Policy Options
Terry Fenge, "Inuit and the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement: Supporting Canada’s Arctic Sovereignty" (Dec. 2007 – Jan. 2008) Policy Options
Thomas Berger's 2006 Conciliator's Report on Implementation of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement
U.S. Congressional Research Service, "Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress," (March 2010)
U.S. Navy Arctic Roadmap (2009)
USGS Arctic Oil and Gas Report, July 2008
Yuri Morozov, "The Arctic: The Next Hot Spot' of International Relations or a Region of Cooperation?" Carnegie Council White Paper, Dec. 2009
Academic Articles (accessible through UBC library)
James S. Baker & Michael Byers, "Crossed Lines: The Curious Case of the Beaufort Sea Maritime Boundary Dispute," (2012) 43 Ocean Development & International Law 70
Paul Arthur Berkman & Oran R. Young, ‘Governance and Environmental Change in the Arctic Ocean,’ (April 2009) 324 Science 339
Michael Byers, 'Arctic Region' in Rüdiger Wolfrum (ed.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2nd edn) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
Michael Byers & Suzanne Lalonde, "Who Controls the Northwest Passage," (2009) 42(4) Vanderbilt J. Transnat'l Law
David H. Gray, "Canada's Unresolved Maritime Boundaries," IBRU Boundary & Security Bulletin (1997) (maps)
Øystein Jensen & Svein Vigeland Rottem, "The politics of security and international law in Norway’s Arctic waters," (2010) 46 (236) Polar Record 75–83
James Kraska, "International Security and International Law in the Northwest Passage," (2009) 42 (4) Vanderbilt J. Transnational Law
Adam Lajeunesse, "Sovereignty, Security and the Canadian Nuclear Submarine Program," (2007-08, Cdn Military Journal)
Ron Macnab, "The Case for Transparency in the Delimitation of the Outer Continental Shelf in Accordance with UNCLOS Article 76," 2004 (35) Ocean Development & Int'l Law 1
Donat Pharand, "The Arctic Waters and the Northwest Passage: A Final Revisit," 2007 (38) Ocean Development & Int'l Law 3
Alexander Proelss & Till Mueller, ‘The Legal Regime of the Arctic Ocean,’ (2008) 68 ZaöRV 651-87
Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon, "Canada and Arctic Politics: The Continental Shelf Extension," 2008 (39) Ocean Development & Int'l Law 343
Katarzyna Zysk, "Russia’s Arctic Strategy: Ambitions and Constraints," (2010) 57(2) Joint Force Quarterly
Nancy Teeple, "A Brief History of Intrusions into the Canadian Arctic," (2010) 12(3) Canadian Army Journal 45-68
Additional Readings
"The Arctic: Special Report," Economist 16 June 2012
"Why Canada and Russia should unite to support a common position against the US in advancing certain Arctic claims," (2012) 8(1) Vestnik (Novosibirsk State University) 125-9
1930 Sverdrup Island Treaty (Norway-Canada)
A Northwest Passage Scenario
Beaufort Sea: U.S. and Canadian claims
Canada-Denmark Joint Statement on Hans Island (2005)
Ilulissat Declaration, May 28, 2008
Model negotiation on Northern Waters, Feb 19, 2008
Nunavut Lands and Resources Devolution Negotiation Protocol, Sept 5, 2008
Russia-Canada consultations on the legal status of the Arctic
Government and NGO Websites
Arctic Council
Canadian Polar Commission
Danish Continental Shelf Project
Government of Nunavut
Inuit Circumpolar Council
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (Cdn Inuit nat'l org)
Northern Research Forum
Northern Sea Route Administration
Nunavut Tunngavik (Inuit Landclaims Organization)
Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada
Polar Knowledge Canada
Arctic Research Institutions
Arctic Centre, University of Lapland
Arctic Institute of North America
ArcticNet: Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence
UAlberta North
Fridtjof Nansen Institute
Institute of Arctic Studies (Dartmouth College, NH)
International Polar Year 2007-2008
National Snow and Ice Data Center (U.S.)
Norwegian Polar Institute
Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge University
The Arctic Institute - Center for Circumpolar Security Studies
University of the Arctic
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